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Library Resource Sharing and Networking: The sharing of library resources started with the concept of inter library loan, under which a library can get a document from another library on loan for a certain period. It was followed by the term “Library Cooperation”, but now in its revised and improved form it is called as “Resource Sharing”. Today, it is called “Library Network” or “Library Consortia”, which is one of the cooperative ways of sharing online resources. The inter library loan means sharing of the resources of one library by the other libraries on demand, when they are needed by its user i.e sharing one’s assets with others.

            Library Cooperation / Resource Sharing / Networking / Consortia all denote a mode of cooperation among a number of libraries whereby the library collection, function or services are shared by a number of libraries. According to Allen Kent the goals are to provide a positive net effect on the library user in terms of access to more material or services and or on the library budget in terms of providing level service at less cost, increased service at level cost or much more service at less cost than if undertaken individually.

1. Library Cooperation: Library cooperation is a social phenomenon by which libraries are mutually engaged to increase the service capabilities of a single library and by which the librarians extend their option to serve clients. It includes sharing materials or function or services that constitute a library system. A material includes both documentary and non documentary forms. The function covers the activities concerning the acquisition, processing, storage, etc.; services include techniques, activities and procedures employed to establish contact between the document and its consumer i.e. lending, reference, documentation, translation, etc. Library cooperation also can be looked upon as a broader term than resource sharing or networking or consortia.

2. Types of Library Cooperation: Based on the geographical area covered, library cooperation may be of

i) International Level: E.g. Universal Availability of Publication (UAP) programme introduced by IFLA, Universal Bibliographic Control (UBC)];

ii) National Level: E.g. National Social Science Documentation Center (NASSDOC);

iii) Regional Level and

iv) Local Level.

Based on the functional area covered Library Cooperation may be

i) Sharing of documentary resources (cooperative acquisition, cooperative processing, cooperative storage for the documents which are less used, cooperative delivery system ie inter library lending, development of network, developing consortia).

ii) Sharing of manpower resources (arrangement for the cooperative staff training and such).

ii) Sharing of other library facilities or equipment (for eg. sharing of the computer and reprographic equipment that cannot be afforded by small libraries due to their high cost), and sharing of finance.

Based on subject basis it may be general or subject based.

3. Kinds of Library Cooperation: Following are some of the kinds of library cooperation.

i) Co-operative Acquisition: The process of acquisition involves selecting, placing orders to vendors, passing of bills, payments, etc. All these activities can be minimized by cooperative acquisition. This will also result in saving the cost, earning of a larger discount, saving time and clerical labor.

            The INSDOC, New Delhi, initiated Centralized Acquisition of Periodicals (CAP) through which it is acquiring foreign periodicals for about 30 CSIR laboratories.

ii) Cooperative Processing: If each library, within the network of resources sharing, processes a book through the computer then the job of cataloguing can be shared by all the libraries within the network in the form of-

- Printed Catalogue Card Service: In this process some libraries, usually of national status, undertake the responsibility of producing printed catalogue cards which are available on a payment basis for other libraries. The Library of Congress and BNB are producing printed catalogue card service.

- Prenatal Cataloguing / Cataloguing In Publication (CIP): The term prenatal cataloguing was used by Dr. S. R. Ranganathan. Prenatal technical work involves completion of technical work by the national central library of a country on each book before its release by the publisher.

            The Cataloguing in Publication (CIP) programme was initiated by Library of Congress (LOC), USA in 1971 with 27 participating publishers. The process of classification and cataloguing of a publication is done before the book is released. The cataloguing data provided by the LOC is printed on the reverse of the title page which helps the individual libraries in copying down the data on their catalogue card.

- Centralized Classification and Cataloguing: Centralized classification and cataloguing service of Online Computer Library Centre (OCLC), and Machine Readable Catalogue (MARC) project of the Library of Congress are remarkable in this direction. Online cataloguing, retrospective conversion using databases also lead to economy with quality.

iii) Cooperative Storage: Every library has limited space for storage of books. So the old and less used books are weeded out regularly to provide space for new acquisition. Moreover, the maintenance of the unused or little used books not only consumes valuable space of the library but also involves money and labour. So, by resources sharing a centralized cooperative storage of less used books can be achieved.

The material which is not in active use may be stored on a cooperative basis at a central dormitory. With the initiative of NASSDOC (ICSSR), New Delhi and Jawarharlal Nehru University, Delhi an Inter Library Resource Centre (ILRC) was established in New Delhi in 1975. Some 38 libraries of Delhi deposited their less used serial and government documents at the centre.

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